A practical guide to U.S. consumer debt settlementSource check · October 16, 2026
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Start with the debt.
Keep the differences in view.

A company may review a category without accepting every account. Read across for what to confirm and another route to explore.

Court papers need a timely response. A settlement conversation does not replace responding to a lawsuit. Read CFPB guidance.

Debt categoryThe question to askOther help to consider
Commonly considered

Credit cards & retail cards

Unsecured card balances are a common category for consumer settlement programs. The creditor, account and program still need individual review.

What needs review

Is this account unsecured? Does the company handle this creditor, and what happens if the creditor will not settle?

Sources: Freedom Debt ReliefCFPB

Another route

Ask your card issuer about hardship payments; compare nonprofit credit counseling.

Official guidance
Check the contract

Unsecured personal loans & lines of credit

Some personal loans and credit lines are unsecured. Others pledge a car, savings or another asset, which changes the route.

What needs review

Is any collateral or co-borrower attached to the loan? Which specific accounts would the program accept?

Sources: Freedom Debt ReliefCFPB

Another route

Ask the lender about payment relief and compare counseling before committing.

Official guidance
Check assistance first

Medical bills

Some programs consider medical debt. First check the bill, insurance handling and the provider’s financial-assistance policy.

What needs review

Is this the corrected balance after insurance and assistance? Would the hospital offer a discount or affordable plan directly?

Sources: Freedom Debt ReliefCFPB

Another route

Ask the medical provider about billing corrections and financial assistance.

Official guidance
Case-specific review

Private student loans

Private education loans need separate review. A provider may consider some accounts; that does not mean the lender will negotiate.

What needs review

Is the loan truly private? How would any agreement affect a co-signer, and does this company handle this lender?

Sources: Freedom Debt ReliefCFPB

Another route

Contact the private lender or servicer about its hardship and repayment options.

Official guidance
Identify the original debt

Collection accounts & charged-off balances

Collections describes an account’s status, not its original debt type. A charged-off account may still be owed. Verify the debt and current owner before discussing payment.

What needs review

Who owns the debt, what was it for, and is the amount correct? Are any dispute or court deadlines running?

Sources: CFPBCFPBOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency

Another route

Review the collector’s validation information and your response options.

Official guidance
Start with the servicer

Auto loans, RV loans & other vehicle-secured debt

A loan secured by a vehicle follows a different path from unsecured consumer settlement. Missed payments can put the vehicle at risk.

What needs review

Is the vehicle still collateral? A balance left after repossession is a different situation that needs document review.

Sources: CFPBFreedom Debt Relief

Another route

Contact the lender or servicer promptly about payment options.

Official guidance
Housing help route

Mortgages, home-equity loans & HELOCs

Debt secured by your home needs mortgage-specific help. A consumer debt settlement conversation does not resolve foreclosure deadlines.

What needs review

Which servicer handles the loan, and are any payment-assistance or foreclosure-response deadlines approaching?

Sources: CFPB

Another route

Contact the servicer and a HUD-approved housing counselor.

Official guidance
Federal loan route

Federal student loans

Federal student loans have their own repayment and default-resolution systems. They are not the same category as private education loans.

What needs review

Confirm the loan type and servicer through StudentAid.gov. Which current federal options apply to this loan?

Sources: Federal Student AidFederal Student AidFreedom Debt Relief

Another route

Review official Federal Student Aid repayment resources.

Official guidance
Tax-specific route

Federal & state tax debt

Tax debt follows the relevant tax agency’s procedures. An IRS offer in compromise has its own requirements; a consumer settlement minimum does not apply.

What needs review

Which agency and tax periods are involved? What notices, filing requirements and response dates need attention?

Sources: Internal Revenue ServiceInternal Revenue Service

Another route

Start with IRS payment options for federal debt, or the relevant state tax agency.

Official guidance
Agency or legal help

Child support, alimony & court fines

Support obligations and court penalties need their own legal or agency process. Do not treat them like ordinary unsecured bills.

What needs review

Is this a support order, a fine, or a judgment on a consumer debt? Those are different obligations with different rules.

Sources: USAGovUnited States CourtsCFPB

Another route

For child support, contact the agency handling the order. For fines or court orders, seek court self-help or qualified legal advice.

Official guidance
If you want to explore help

Take better questions
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Compare the kinds of help available, including creditor assistance, nonprofit counseling and settlement services.

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